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[lyyw] => Clinicians should promote shared decision making by informing patients of the benefits and risks of postoperative pain treatments that include nonopioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and nonpharmacologic interventions（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 临床医生应告知患者术后疼痛治疗（包括非阿片类镇痛药、阿片类镇痛药和非药物干预）的益处和风险，从而促进共同决策。（证据级别：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
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推荐意见
临床医生应告知患者术后疼痛治疗（包括非阿片类镇痛药、阿片类镇痛药和非药物干预）的益处和风险，从而促进共同决策。（证据级别：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
Clinicians should promote shared decision making by informing patients of the benefits and risks of postoperative pain treatments that include nonopioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, and nonpharmacologic interventions（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[lyyw] => Prior to surgery, clinicians should advise patients and others involved in the postoperative care about the expected duration and severity of pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 手术前，临床医生应告知患者和其他术后护理人员预期疼痛的持续时间和严重程度。（证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
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)
推荐意见
手术前，临床医生应告知患者和其他术后护理人员预期疼痛的持续时间和严重程度。（证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
Prior to surgery, clinicians should advise patients and others involved in the postoperative care about the expected duration and severity of pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[lyyw] => In patients at risk for opioid use disorder(OUD), clinicians should evaluate the need to modify the analgesia plan（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 对于有阿片类药物使用禁忌的患者，临床医生应评估是否需要修改镇痛计划。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
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[_updatetime] => 1704956846
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)
推荐意见
对于有阿片类药物使用禁忌的患者，临床医生应评估是否需要修改镇痛计划。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
In patients at risk for opioid use disorder(OUD), clinicians should evaluate the need to modify the analgesia plan（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Prior to surgery, clinicians should identify risk factors for opioid use disorder(OUD) when analgesia using opioids is anticipated（Evidence level:High；Recommendation grade:Strong）.
[laiyuan] => 在手术前，如果预计要使用阿片类药物镇痛，临床医生应确定患者是否存在阿片类药物使用禁忌的情况（证据分级：高 ；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在手术前，如果预计要使用阿片类药物镇痛，临床医生应确定患者是否存在阿片类药物使用禁忌的情况（证据分级：高 ；推荐强度：强推荐）
Prior to surgery, clinicians should identify risk factors for opioid use disorder(OUD) when analgesia using opioids is anticipated（Evidence level:High；Recommendation grade:Strong）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Prior to surgery, clinicians should gather information specific to the patient that modifies severity and/or duration of pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 在手术前，临床医生应收集患者的具体信息，以确定疼痛的严重程度和/或持续时间。（证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在手术前，临床医生应收集患者的具体信息，以确定疼痛的严重程度和/或持续时间。（证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
Prior to surgery, clinicians should gather information specific to the patient that modifies severity and/or duration of pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Clinicians should educate patients to stop opioids when pain is controlled with nonopioids and to stop all analgesics when pain has resolved（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 临床医生应指导患者在使用非阿片类药物控制疼痛后停用阿片类药物，并在疼痛缓解后停用所有镇痛药物。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
临床医生应指导患者在使用非阿片类药物控制疼痛后停用阿片类药物，并在疼痛缓解后停用所有镇痛药物。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
Clinicians should educate patients to stop opioids when pain is controlled with nonopioids and to stop all analgesics when pain has resolved（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => When treating postoperative pain with opioids, clinicians should limit therapy to the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 使用阿片类药物治疗术后疼痛时，临床医生应将治疗限制在最低有效剂量和最短持续时间内。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
使用阿片类药物治疗术后疼痛时，临床医生应将治疗限制在最低有效剂量和最短持续时间内。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
When treating postoperative pain with opioids, clinicians should limit therapy to the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Array
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[title] => Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations Executive Summary
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Clinicians should advocate for nonopioid medications as first-line management of pain after otolaryngologic surgery（Evidence level:High；Recommendation grade:Strong）.
[laiyuan] => 临床医生应提倡将非阿片类药物作为治疗耳鼻喉科手术后疼痛的一线药物。（证据分级：高； 推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
临床医生应提倡将非阿片类药物作为治疗耳鼻喉科手术后疼痛的一线药物。（证据分级：高； 推荐强度：强推荐）
Clinicians should advocate for nonopioid medications as first-line management of pain after otolaryngologic surgery（Evidence level:High；Recommendation grade:Strong）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Clinicians should develop a multimodal treatment plan for managing postoperative pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 临床医生应制定多模式治疗计划来控制术后疼痛。证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
临床医生应制定多模式治疗计划来控制术后疼痛。证据分级：低 ；推荐强度：推荐）
Clinicians should develop a multimodal treatment plan for managing postoperative pain（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Array
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Clinicians should inquire, within 30 days of surgery, whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
[laiyuan] => 临床医生应在手术后 30 天内询问患者是否已停止使用阿片类药物，是否已处理未使用的阿片类药物，以及是否对疼痛控制计划感到满意。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => A
[_inputtime] => 1704956846
[_updatetime] => 1704956846
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
临床医生应在手术后 30 天内询问患者是否已停止使用阿片类药物，是否已处理未使用的阿片类药物，以及是否对疼痛控制计划感到满意。（证据分级：低； 推荐强度：推荐）
Clinicians should inquire, within 30 days of surgery, whether the patient has stopped using opioids, has disposed of unused opioids, and was satisfied with the pain management plan（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Recommendation）.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：A
年份：2021
国家：AMERICAN ACADEMY OF HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
