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Array ( [id] => 1687 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1687.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => We suggest that anti-Xa DOACs may be used as an alternative to LMWH after recovery of gastrointestinal function.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 我们建议在胃肠功能恢复后,抗Xa直接口服抗凝剂可以用作低分子量肝素的替代药物。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
我们建议在胃肠功能恢复后,抗Xa直接口服抗凝剂可以用作低分子量肝素的替代药物。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

We suggest that anti-Xa DOACs may be used as an alternative to LMWH after recovery of gastrointestinal function.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1688 [catid] => 291 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1688.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After abdominal and pelvic surgery with an intermediate risk for VTE, we suggest thromboprophylaxis with LMWH for a minimum of 7 days. (Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 在腹部和盆腔手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险为中等的情况下,我们建议使用低分子量肝素进行至少7天的血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在腹部和盆腔手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险为中等的情况下,我们建议使用低分子量肝素进行至少7天的血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

After abdominal and pelvic surgery with an intermediate risk for VTE, we suggest thromboprophylaxis with LMWH for a minimum of 7 days. (Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1689 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1689.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After abdominal and pelvic surgery with a low risk for VTE, we suggest against routine pharmacological prophylaxis. Pharmacological prophylaxis is suggested if the patient has a major personal VTE risk factor** or several minor risk factors, or in the case of prolonged surgery or postoperative complications.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak) [laiyuan] => 在腹部和盆腔手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险较低的情况下,我们建议不要进行常规的药物性预防。但如果患者存在静脉血栓栓塞症的主要个人危险因素或者若干次要危险因素,又或者手术时间较长或出现术后并发症时,则建议进行药物性预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在腹部和盆腔手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险较低的情况下,我们建议不要进行常规的药物性预防。但如果患者存在静脉血栓栓塞症的主要个人危险因素或者若干次要危险因素,又或者手术时间较长或出现术后并发症时,则建议进行药物性预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐)

After abdominal and pelvic surgery with a low risk for VTE, we suggest against routine pharmacological prophylaxis. Pharmacological prophylaxis is suggested if the patient has a major personal VTE risk factor** or several minor risk factors, or in the case of prolonged surgery or postoperative complications.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1690 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1690.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After cancer surgery with a high risk for VTE, we recommend thromboprophylaxis with LMWH for a minimum of 7 days.(Evidence level:High;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 在癌症手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险较高的情况下,我们建议使用低分子量肝素进行至少7天的血栓预防。(证据分级:高;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在癌症手术且静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险较高的情况下,我们建议使用低分子量肝素进行至少7天的血栓预防。(证据分级:高;推荐强度:强推荐)

After cancer surgery with a high risk for VTE, we recommend thromboprophylaxis with LMWH for a minimum of 7 days.(Evidence level:High;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1691 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1691.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => We suggest beginning pharmacological prophylaxis postoperatively (refer to the dedicated section) .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 我们建议在术后开始进行药物性预防(参考专门章节)。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
我们建议在术后开始进行药物性预防(参考专门章节)。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

We suggest beginning pharmacological prophylaxis postoperatively (refer to the dedicated section) .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1692 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1692.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => We suggest using intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) during and after oncologic surgery in case of very high risk for VTE#or when pharmacological prophylaxis is contraindicated .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 在肿瘤手术期间及术后,如果静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险极高或者存在药物性预防的禁忌证时,我们建议使用间歇性充气加压装置。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在肿瘤手术期间及术后,如果静脉血栓栓塞症发生风险极高或者存在药物性预防的禁忌证时,我们建议使用间歇性充气加压装置。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

We suggest using intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) during and after oncologic surgery in case of very high risk for VTE#or when pharmacological prophylaxis is contraindicated .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1693 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1693.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After carotid surgery, we suggest against routine venous thromboprophylaxis.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak) [laiyuan] => 在颈动脉手术后,我们建议不要进行常规的静脉血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在颈动脉手术后,我们建议不要进行常规的静脉血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐)

After carotid surgery, we suggest against routine venous thromboprophylaxis.(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1694 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1694.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After abdominal aortic surgery (open or endovascular) or open surgical arterial revascularization of the lower limbs, we suggest pharmacological venous prophylaxis until ambulation is resumed .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 在腹主动脉手术(开放性或血管腔内手术)或下肢开放性动脉血管重建手术后,我们建议进行药物性静脉血栓预防,直至恢复行走。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在腹主动脉手术(开放性或血管腔内手术)或下肢开放性动脉血管重建手术后,我们建议进行药物性静脉血栓预防,直至恢复行走。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

After abdominal aortic surgery (open or endovascular) or open surgical arterial revascularization of the lower limbs, we suggest pharmacological venous prophylaxis until ambulation is resumed .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

阅读
Array ( [id] => 1695 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1695.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After arterial endovascular procedures (angioplasty and/or stenting) of the lower limbs, we suggest against routine venous thromboprophylaxis. (Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak) [laiyuan] => 在下肢动脉血管腔内手术(血管成形术和 / 或支架置入术)后,我们建议不要进行常规的静脉血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在下肢动脉血管腔内手术(血管成形术和 / 或支架置入术)后,我们建议不要进行常规的静脉血栓预防。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:弱推荐)

After arterial endovascular procedures (angioplasty and/or stenting) of the lower limbs, we suggest against routine venous thromboprophylaxis. (Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:weak)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

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Array ( [id] => 1696 [catid] => 302 [title] => Prevention of perioperative venous thromboembolism: 2024 guidelines from the French Working Group on Perioperative Haemostasis (GIHP) developed in collaboration with the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), the French Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SFTH) and the French Society of Vascular Medicine (SFMV) and endorsed by the French Society of Digestive Surgery (SFCD), the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and INNOVTE (Investigation Network On Venous ThromboEmbolism) network [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 3 [author] => 甘肃中医院 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/1696.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 39.144.210.1 [inputtime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [updatetime] => 2024-12-12 11:19:00 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39447869/ [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2024 [guojia] => Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => After lower-extremity revascularization (open or endovascular) for peripheral artery disease eligible for treatment with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg daily (with or without clopidogrel within the first month) to prevent major cardiovascular events, we suggest delaying the initiation of rivaroxaban until the end of venous thromboprophylaxis with LMWH, when indicated .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong) [laiyuan] => 对于因外周动脉疾病进行下肢血运重建术(开放或血管内)后复合使用每日两次2.5mg利伐沙班及每日100mg阿司匹林(在第一个月内可加用或不加用氯吡格雷)来预防主要心血管事件,我们建议延迟利伐沙班的起始时间,直到使用低分子肝素静脉血栓预防结束时。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐) [znzldj] => B级 [_inputtime] => 1733973540 [_updatetime] => 1733973540 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于因外周动脉疾病进行下肢血运重建术(开放或血管内)后复合使用每日两次2.5mg利伐沙班及每日100mg阿司匹林(在第一个月内可加用或不加用氯吡格雷)来预防主要心血管事件,我们建议延迟利伐沙班的起始时间,直到使用低分子肝素静脉血栓预防结束时。(证据分级:中或低;推荐强度:强推荐)

After lower-extremity revascularization (open or endovascular) for peripheral artery disease eligible for treatment with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg daily (with or without clopidogrel within the first month) to prevent major cardiovascular events, we suggest delaying the initiation of rivaroxaban until the end of venous thromboprophylaxis with LMWH, when indicated .(Evidence level:moderate/Low;Recommendation grade:Strong)

证据评价方法:GRADE

指南质量等级:B级

年份:2024

国家:Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine

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