It is recommended to measure haemoglobin pre-operatively in patients scheduled for intermediate- to high-risk NCS.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class I)

It is recommended to treat anaemia in advance of NCS, in order to reduce the need for RBC transfusion during NCS.(Evidence: Level A ，Recommendation: Class I)

The use of an algorithm to diagnose and treat anaemic patients before NCS should be considered.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

In patients undergoing surgery with expected blood loss of ≥500 mL, use of washed cell salvage is recommended .(Evidence: Level A ，Recommendation: Class I)

It is recommended to use point-of-care diagnostics for guidance of blood component therapy, when available.(Evidence: Level A ，Recommendation: Class I)

In patients undergoing NCS and experiencing major bleeding, administration of tranexamic acid should be immediately considered.（IIa A)

Use of closed-loop arterial blood sampling systems should be considered to avoid blood loss.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIa)

Application of meticulous haemostasis should be considered a routine procedure.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIa)

A feedback/monitoring programme or clinical decision support system should be considered to be assessed before blood transfusion.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIa)

Before allogenic blood transfusion, it should be considered to obtain an extensive consent about risks asssociated with transfusion.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)