In patients with MINS and at low risk of bleeding, treatment with dabigatran 110 mg orally b.i.d. may be considered from 1 week after NCS. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIb )

Routine use of beta-blocker for the prevention of post-operative AF in patients undergoing NCS is not recommended. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class III)

If antiplatelet therapy has been interrupted before a surgical procedure, it is recommended to restart therapy as soon as possible (within 48 h) post-surgery, according to interdisciplinary risk assessment.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

When an urgent surgical intervention is required, it is recommended that NOAC therapy is immediately interrupted.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

Idarucizumab should be considered in patients on dabigatran and requiring urgent surgical intervention with intermediate to high bleeding risk. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIb )

In non-minor bleeding risk procedures in patients using a NOAC, it is recommended to use an interruption regimen based on the NOAC compound, renal function, and bleeding risk.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class I)

For interventions with a very high risk of bleeding,such as spinal or epidural anaesthesia, interruption of NOACs for up to five half-lives and re-initiation after 24 h should be considered.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

When specific reversal agents are unavailable,PCC or activated PCC should be considered for reversing NOAC effects.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

If an urgent surgical intervention is required,specific coagulation tests and assessment of NOAC plasma levels should be considered to interpret routine coagulation tests and waning of anticoagulant effect.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

In minor bleeding risk surgery and other procedures where bleeding can be easily controlled, it is recommended to perform surgery without interruption of OAC therapy.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class I)