Evidence is insufficient to guide ventilation settings following acute cannabis use via inhalation. ( Level of certainty: Low，GradeI)

Based on the currently available evidence, we do not recommend the routine use of additional postoperative monitoring for cardiac or neurological adverse events. However, we do recommend increased vigilance given that cardiac and neurovascular events do frequently occur in the postoperative period. ( Level of certainty: Moderate，GradeC)

Based on the currently available evidence, we recommend using multimodal analgesia incor-porating regional analgesia if appropriate and using opioids as rescue medication. Patients may need additional follow- up for adequacy of analgesia and the need for adjusting postoperative pain medications accordingly . ( Level of certainty: Low，GradeC)

Opioids may be administered when indicated for the management of perioperative pain in patients who use cannabis with increased vigilance. ( Level of certainty: Moderate，GradeC)

There is insufficient evidence to recom- mend for or against adjusting postoperative opioid prescriptions in surgical patients who consume cannabinoids. ( Level of certainty: Moderate，GradeI)

Patients using cannabis should be counseled regarding the risk of CWS. Postoperatively , patients that consume cannabis routinely should be monitored for CWS using a validated and reliable scale. ( Level of certainty: Moderate，GradeC)

The expert panel came to the consensus that initiating a cannabinoid agonist such as dronabinol at a low dose is the best choice to treat severe CWS postoperatively . ( Level of certainty: Moderate，GradeC)

Use of end-tidal CO2 monitoring in intubated patients during CPR may help to predict the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation and survival as well as guiding CPR, despite the lack of absolute cut-off values.（Evidence level:B；Recommendation grade:2).