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Array ( [id] => 220 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/220.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Pain management in children should be based on the principles of multimodal analgesia. (1A) [laiyuan] => 儿童疼痛管理应以多模式镇痛原则为基础。（证据等级：高；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
儿童疼痛管理应以多模式镇痛原则为基础。（证据等级：高；推荐强度：强推荐）

Pain management in children should be based on the principles of multimodal analgesia. (1A)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 221 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/221.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Severe pain in children should be prevented by providing pre-emptive analgesia that may result in lowering the postoperative pain intensity, thereby reducing the patient’s requirements for analgesics. (1B) [laiyuan] => 儿童严重疼痛可实施预防性镇痛，这可会降低术后疼痛强度，减少患儿对止痛药的需求。（证据等级：中；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
儿童严重疼痛可实施预防性镇痛，这可会降低术后疼痛强度，减少患儿对止痛药的需求。（证据等级：中；推荐强度：强推荐）

Severe pain in children should be prevented by providing pre-emptive analgesia that may result in lowering the postoperative pain intensity, thereby reducing the patient’s requirements for analgesics. (1B)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 222 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/222.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => proper postoperative analgesia in children should include correct assessment of pain intensity, knowledge of pharmacology of analgesics used in different age groups and the ability to perform conduction (regional) anaesthesia techniques, if feasible. (1C) [laiyuan] => 适当的儿童术后镇痛应包括正确的疼痛强度评估，不同年龄段使用的镇痛剂的药理学知识，以及在可行的情况下实施神经阻滞(区域)麻醉技术的能力。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
适当的儿童术后镇痛应包括正确的疼痛强度评估，不同年龄段使用的镇痛剂的药理学知识，以及在可行的情况下实施神经阻滞(区域)麻醉技术的能力。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

proper postoperative analgesia in children should include correct assessment of pain intensity, knowledge of pharmacology of analgesics used in different age groups and the ability to perform conduction (regional) anaesthesia techniques, if feasible. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 223 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/223.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Alternative routes of administration of analgesics include nasal or transmucosal supply (buccal, sublingual), which can be used in certain situations. (1C) [laiyuan] => 可在某些情况下使用镇痛药的替代给药途径，包括鼻腔给药或经粘膜给药(口腔、舌下)。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
可在某些情况下使用镇痛药的替代给药途径，包括鼻腔给药或经粘膜给药(口腔、舌下)。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

Alternative routes of administration of analgesics include nasal or transmucosal supply (buccal, sublingual), which can be used in certain situations. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 224 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/224.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => In the youngest children, if an analgesic cannot be administered orally or intravenously, rectal administration is acceptable. However, this route should be avoided in immunosuppressed children due to the risk of developing perianal abscesses. (1C) [laiyuan] => 对于幼儿如果无法口服或静脉注射镇痛剂，则可以接受直肠给药。然而，对于免疫功能低下的儿童应该避免这种途径，因为有发生肛周脓肿的风险。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对于幼儿如果无法口服或静脉注射镇痛剂，则可以接受直肠给药。然而，对于免疫功能低下的儿童应该避免这种途径，因为有发生肛周脓肿的风险。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

In the youngest children, if an analgesic cannot be administered orally or intravenously, rectal administration is acceptable. However, this route should be avoided in immunosuppressed children due to the risk of developing perianal abscesses. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 225 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/225.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => In paediatric postoperative analgesia, continuous subcutaneous supply of analgesics is recommended. (1C) [laiyuan] => 在儿科术后镇痛中，建议持续皮下注射镇痛剂（如吗啡）。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
在儿科术后镇痛中，建议持续皮下注射镇痛剂（如吗啡）。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

In paediatric postoperative analgesia, continuous subcutaneous supply of analgesics is recommended. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 226 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/226.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => When the intravenous route of administration has been chosen, the following methods may be used: single doses of analgesics repeated at equal intervals, and continuous infusions, including the commonly used pCA (patient-controlled analgesia) or the NCA method (nurse-controlled analgesia) preferable in paediatric intensive care units (piCUs). (1C) [laiyuan] => 选择静脉给药途径后，可采用以下方法：单次等间隔重复使用镇痛剂，以及持续输注，包括常用的PCA(病人自控止痛)或NCA(护士自控止痛)方法，在儿科重症监护病房(PICUS)更可取。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
选择静脉给药途径后，可采用以下方法：单次等间隔重复使用镇痛剂，以及持续输注，包括常用的PCA(病人自控止痛)或NCA(护士自控止痛)方法，在儿科重症监护病房(PICUS)更可取。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

When the intravenous route of administration has been chosen, the following methods may be used: single doses of analgesics repeated at equal intervals, and continuous infusions, including the commonly used pCA (patient-controlled analgesia) or the NCA method (nurse-controlled analgesia) preferable in paediatric intensive care units (piCUs). (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 227 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/227.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => The route of analgesic administration should be comfortable primarily to the child; therefore, certain conditions should be considered, e.g. the child’s current swallowing capabilities, or presence of an intravenous line (maintaining vascular access in the youngest children after surgery is often difficult, if not impossible, since its presence by itself may cause discomfort in the child). intravenous and oral routes of analgesic administration are most common in children. (1C) [laiyuan] => 镇痛剂的给药途径应该主要是对儿童舒适的；因此，应该考虑某些条件，例如儿童目前的吞咽能力，或者是否有静脉导管(最小的儿童在手术后保持血管通路通常是困难的，如果不是不可能的，因为它本身可能会引起儿童的不适)。静脉和口服给药方式在儿童中最为常见。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
镇痛剂的给药途径应该主要是对儿童舒适的；因此，应该考虑某些条件，例如儿童目前的吞咽能力，或者是否有静脉导管(最小的儿童在手术后保持血管通路通常是困难的，如果不是不可能的，因为它本身可能会引起儿童的不适)。静脉和口服给药方式在儿童中最为常见。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

The route of analgesic administration should be comfortable primarily to the child; therefore, certain conditions should be considered, e.g. the child’s current swallowing capabilities, or presence of an intravenous line (maintaining vascular access in the youngest children after surgery is often difficult, if not impossible, since its presence by itself may cause discomfort in the child). intravenous and oral routes of analgesic administration are most common in children. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 228 [catid] => 245 [title] => Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/228.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:09:40 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2022 [guojia] => the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => It should be remembered that in correctly conducted analgesia, drugs are not administered on demand. in the case of breakthrough pain, rescue doses of analgesics are applied. in children, analgesics should be administered with consideration, which means that the intramuscular route should be eliminated. (1C) [laiyuan] => 应该记住，在正确的镇痛中，药物不是按需给药的。在出现爆发性疼痛的情况下，会使用止痛剂的急救量。对于儿童，应慎重使用镇痛剂，这意味着应该取消肌肉注射途径。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956980 [_updatetime] => 1704956980 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
应该记住，在正确的镇痛中，药物不是按需给药的。在出现爆发性疼痛的情况下，会使用止痛剂的急救量。对于儿童，应慎重使用镇痛剂，这意味着应该取消肌肉注射途径。（证据等级：低；推荐强度：强推荐）

It should be remembered that in correctly conducted analgesia, drugs are not administered on demand. in the case of breakthrough pain, rescue doses of analgesics are applied. in children, analgesics should be administered with consideration, which means that the intramuscular route should be eliminated. (1C)

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2022

国家：the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Inten

来源 Guidelines for treatment of acute pain in children –the consensus statement of the Section of PaediatricAnaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the PolishSociety of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy
阅读
Array ( [id] => 196 [catid] => 35 [title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: 2030 [thumb] => [keywords] => [description] => [hits] => [uid] => 1 [author] => 系统管理员 [status] => 9 [url] => https://www.anes-guide.com/show/196.html [link_id] => 0 [tableid] => 0 [inputip] => 14.105.95.222 [inputtime] => 2024-01-11 15:07:29 [updatetime] => 2024-01-11 15:07:29 [displayorder] => 0 [nrjc] => Array ( ) [nrsh] => Array ( ) [xzl] => 0 [dzl] => 0 [wailian] => [demo_url] => [zjpjff] => GRADE [zjfj] => [tjqd] => [nianfen] => 2018 [guojia] => Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society [pdf] => [tjyjyw] => [lyyw] => Small RCTs in laparoscopic colorectal and other surgeries show that TAP blocks reduce opioid consumption and improve recovery. Optimal pain relief appears to depend on the extent of spread within the fascial plane, which in turn is dependent on the type, volume, duration of action of injectate and the accuracy with which the correct plane is identified.（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: TAP blocks in minimally invasive surgery: Strong） [laiyuan] => 对腹腔镜结直肠手术和其他手术进行的小型研究表明，TAP阻滞可减少阿片类药物的用量并改善预后。最佳止痛效果取决于筋膜平面内的扩散程度，而扩散程度又取决于注药物类型、容量、作用时间以及识别正确平面的准确性。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐在微创手术中应用TAP阻滞） [znzldj] => B [_inputtime] => 1704956849 [_updatetime] => 1704956849 [_nrjc] => [_nrsh] => )
推荐意见
对腹腔镜结直肠手术和其他手术进行的小型研究表明，TAP阻滞可减少阿片类药物的用量并改善预后。最佳止痛效果取决于筋膜平面内的扩散程度，而扩散程度又取决于注药物类型、容量、作用时间以及识别正确平面的准确性。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐在微创手术中应用TAP阻滞）

Small RCTs in laparoscopic colorectal and other surgeries show that TAP blocks reduce opioid consumption and improve recovery. Optimal pain relief appears to depend on the extent of spread within the fascial plane, which in turn is dependent on the type, volume, duration of action of injectate and the accuracy with which the correct plane is identified.（Quality of evidence: Moderate ；Recommendation grade: TAP blocks in minimally invasive surgery: Strong）

证据评价方法：GRADE

指南质量等级：B

年份：2018

国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society

来源 Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: 2030
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