It is recommended to use the same indications for ICA and revascularization pre-operatively as in the non-surgical setting. (Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

CCTA should be considered to rule out CAD in patients with suspected CCS or biomarker-negative NSTE-ACS in case of low-to-intermediate clinical likelihood of CAD, or in patients unsuitable for non-invasive functional testing undergoing non-urgent, intermediate-, and high-risk NCS.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

Pre-operative ICA may be considered in stable CCS patients undergoing elective surgical CEA.(Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIb)

Routine pre-operative ICA is not recommended in stable CCS patients undergoing low- or intermediate-risk NCS.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class III)

Smoking cessation .4weeks before NCS is recommended to reduce post-operative complications and mortality. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class I)

Control of CV risk factors—including blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes—is recommended before NCS. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class I)

In patients with an indication for statins, it should be considered to initiate statins peri-operatively.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class IIa)

Pre-operative initiation of beta-blockers in advance of high-risk NCS may be considered in patients who have two or more clinical risk factors, in order to reduce the incidence of peri-operative myocardial infarction. (Evidence: Level A，Recommendation: Class IIb )

Pre-operative initiation of beta-blocker in advance of NCS may be considered in patients who have known CAD or myocardial ischaemia. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class IIb )

Routine initiation of beta-blocker peri-operatively is not recommended.(Evidence: Level A，Recommendation: Class III )