In patients with a newly detected murmur and symptoms or signs of CVD, TTE is recommended before NCS. (Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In patients who have known CVD, CV risk factors (including age≥65 years), or symptoms suggestive of CVD it is recommended to measure hs-cTn T or hs-cTn I before intermediate- and high-risk NCS, and at 24 h and 48 h afterwards. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatic MS and symptoms or SPAP＞50 mmHg, valve intervention (percutaneous mitral commissurotomy or surgery) is recommended before elective intermediate- or high-risk NCS. (Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In all patients scheduled for NCS, an accurate history and clinical examination are recommended.(Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In patients using NOACs, it is recommended that minor bleeding risk procedures are performed at trough levels (typically 12–24 h after last intake). (Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In patients with a recent PCI scheduled for NCS, it is recommended that management of antiplatelet therapy is discussed between the surgeon, anaesthesiologist, and cardiologist. (Evidence: Level C，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

Smoking cessation ＞4 weeks before NCS is recommended to reduce post-operative complications and mortality. (Evidence: Level B ，Recommendation: Class 1)

Control of CV risk factors—including blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes—is recommended before NCS. (Evidence: Level B ，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

In minor bleeding risk surgery and other procedures where bleeding can easily be controlled, it is recommended to perform surgery without interruption of OAC therapy. (Evidence: Level B，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)

It is recommended to treat anaemia in advance of NCS in order to reduce the need for RBC transfusion during NCS. (Evidence: Level A，Recommendation: Class Ⅰ)