NIPPV may be considered for prevention of atelectasis in hypoxaemic patients after lung resection. (2C)

NIPPV in hypoxaemic patients after solid organ transplantation. (2C)

We suggest using a HFNC rather than conventional oxygen therapy in peri‑operative/periprocedural hypoxaemic patients with low tolerance to other forms of noninvasive respiratory support techniques. (2B)

In peri‑operative/periprocedural hypoxaemic patients treated with a noninvasive respiratory support technique, we suggest periodic arterial blood gas sampling after the first hour of treatment, at least every 6 h during the first 24 h and then daily until the end of the treatment. (2C)

We suggest that peri‑operative/periprocedural hypoxaemic patients undergoing NIPPV undergo continuous physiological monitoring including pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurement and electrocardiography. When a closed NIPPV technique is being used, we suggest adding monitoring of flow and pressure ventilation waveforms. (2C)

We suggest that peri‑operative/periprocedural hypoxaemic patients undergoing NIPPV should be treated by clinicians with recognised competence and skill in airway management and ventilation of patients with lung injury. (2C)

In the hypoxaemic patient requiring bronchoscopy, we suggest using noninvasive respiratory support techniques rather than COT. (2B)

A parental anamnestic questionnaire is a good tool before any surgical procedure. (IV C)

Routine Lab Tests in healthy patients older than>1 yr. have a low predictive value. (I A)

Procedure must be postponed in relation to patients with major respiratory symptoms. If there are mild or moderate symptoms the procedure should be postponed if the child is of less than 1 year of age. In the case of older patients the risk factors should be considered and the appropriacy of the operation assessed in each case. (II A)