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[lyyw] => We recommend combining aspirin with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery. (1C)
[laiyuan] => 我们建议在全髋关节置换术、全膝关节置换术和髋部骨折手术后，联合使用阿司匹林和间歇气动压缩设备(IPC)预防静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
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)
推荐意见
我们建议在全髋关节置换术、全膝关节置换术和髋部骨折手术后，联合使用阿司匹林和间歇气动压缩设备(IPC)预防静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）
We recommend combining aspirin with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery. (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2018
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiologists
Array
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[title] => European guidelines on perioperative venoust hromboembolism prophylaxis Aspirin
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[lyyw] => We suggest the use of aspirin for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery in patients with an increased bleeding risk. (2C)
[laiyuan] => 建议在出血风险增加的患者进行全髋关节置换、全膝关节置换和髋部骨折手术后使用阿司匹林预防静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
建议在出血风险增加的患者进行全髋关节置换、全膝关节置换和髋部骨折手术后使用阿司匹林预防静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
We suggest the use of aspirin for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery in patients with an increased bleeding risk. (2C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2018
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiologists
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We recommend no pharmacological VTE prevention after low-risk orthopaedic procedures in patients without high VTE risk (e.g. knee arthroscopy). (1C)
[laiyuan] => 推荐接受术后无高风险静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的低风险骨科手术(如膝关节镜检查)的患者使用非药物预防VTE。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
推荐接受术后无高风险静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的低风险骨科手术(如膝关节镜检查)的患者使用非药物预防VTE。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）
We recommend no pharmacological VTE prevention after low-risk orthopaedic procedures in patients without high VTE risk (e.g. knee arthroscopy). (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2018
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiologists
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We suggest the use of aspirin for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery (high-risk procedures) in patients without high VTE risk. (2C)
[laiyuan] => 建议全髋关节置换术、全膝关节置换术和髋部骨折手术(高风险手术)后的患者在无高风险静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）时，使用阿司匹林预防VTE。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
建议全髋关节置换术、全膝关节置换术和髋部骨折手术(高风险手术)后的患者在无高风险静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）时，使用阿司匹林预防VTE。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
We suggest the use of aspirin for VTE prevention after total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery (high-risk procedures) in patients without high VTE risk. (2C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2018
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiologists
Array
(
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => We do not recommend aspirin for thromboprophylaxis in general surgery. (1C) However, this type of prophylaxis could be interesting especially in low-income countries（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Week） and adequate large-scale trials with proper study designs should be carried out. (1C)
[laiyuan] => 不推荐阿司匹林用于普通外科手术的血栓预防（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）。然而，这种类型的预防可能是有吸引力的，特别是在低收入国家（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐），并且应该进行适当的大规模具有研究设计的试验（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）。
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
不推荐阿司匹林用于普通外科手术的血栓预防（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）。然而，这种类型的预防可能是有吸引力的，特别是在低收入国家（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐），并且应该进行适当的大规模具有研究设计的试验（证据级别：低；推荐强度：强推荐）。
We do not recommend aspirin for thromboprophylaxis in general surgery. (1C) However, this type of prophylaxis could be interesting especially in low-income countries（Evidence level:Low；Recommendation grade:Week） and adequate large-scale trials with proper study designs should be carried out. (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2018
国家：European Society of Anaesthesiologists
Array
(
[id] => 610
[catid] => 25
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[nianfen] => 2023
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Patients should receive preoperative information and counseling regarding the upcoming liver surgery. Brochures and multimedia supports might help to improve the verbal counseling. (2C)
[laiyuan] => 患者应了解关于即将进行的肝脏手术的相关信息，并且接受咨询。手册和多媒体的支持可有助于改善口头咨询的不足。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
患者应了解关于即将进行的肝脏手术的相关信息，并且接受咨询。手册和多媒体的支持可有助于改善口头咨询的不足。（证据级别：低；推荐强度：弱推荐）
Patients should receive preoperative information and counseling regarding the upcoming liver surgery. Brochures and multimedia supports might help to improve the verbal counseling. (2C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 611
[catid] => 26
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[lyyw] => Prehabilitation should be performed in high-risk patients (elderly, malnourished or overweight patients, smokers, or patients with psychological disorder) prior to liver surgery. Prehabilitation should be commenced 4–6 weeks before the operation depending upon the urgency of surgery. The content (physical exercises, dietary interventions, or anxiety reduction exercises) and duration of the prehabilitation program for liver surgery are not clearly established. (2B)
[laiyuan] => 高危患者(老年人、营养不良或超重患者、吸烟者或有心理障碍的患者)在肝脏手术患者应进行术前康复治疗。根据手术的紧急程度，应在手术前4-6周开始康复治疗。肝脏手术的术前康复计划内容(体育锻炼、饮食干预或减少焦虑的锻炼)和持续时间尚未明确确定。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
高危患者(老年人、营养不良或超重患者、吸烟者或有心理障碍的患者)在肝脏手术患者应进行术前康复治疗。根据手术的紧急程度，应在手术前4-6周开始康复治疗。肝脏手术的术前康复计划内容(体育锻炼、饮食干预或减少焦虑的锻炼)和持续时间尚未明确确定。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：弱推荐）
Prehabilitation should be performed in high-risk patients (elderly, malnourished or overweight patients, smokers, or patients with psychological disorder) prior to liver surgery. Prehabilitation should be commenced 4–6 weeks before the operation depending upon the urgency of surgery. The content (physical exercises, dietary interventions, or anxiety reduction exercises) and duration of the prehabilitation program for liver surgery are not clearly established. (2B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 612
[catid] => 266
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
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[lyyw] => Biliary drainage in cholestatic liver (50 mmol/l) is recommended. For perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, percutaneous biliary drainage should be preferred to endoscopic biliary drainage. Surgery should ideally not be performed until bilirubin level drops below 50 mmol/l. (1B)
[laiyuan] => 推荐对于胆汁淤积的肝脏进行胆道引流(50 mmol/l)。对于肝门周围胆管癌，经皮胆管引流优于内镜胆管引流。术前理想胆红素水平应降至50 mmol/l以下。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
推荐对于胆汁淤积的肝脏进行胆道引流(50 mmol/l)。对于肝门周围胆管癌，经皮胆管引流优于内镜胆管引流。术前理想胆红素水平应降至50 mmol/l以下。（证据级别：中；推荐强度：强推荐）
Biliary drainage in cholestatic liver (50 mmol/l) is recommended. For perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, percutaneous biliary drainage should be preferred to endoscopic biliary drainage. Surgery should ideally not be performed until bilirubin level drops below 50 mmol/l. (1B)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 613
[catid] => 25
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Preoperative smoking cessation should be counseled at least 4 weeks prior to hepatectomy. Alcohol cessation is recommended for heavy drinkers (24 g/day for women and 36 g/day for men) 4–8 weeks before surgery. (1A)
[laiyuan] => 肝切除手术术前建议戒烟至少4周。重度饮酒者(女性24克/天，男性36克/天)推荐在术前4-8周停止饮酒。（证据级别：高；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
肝切除手术术前建议戒烟至少4周。重度饮酒者(女性24克/天，男性36克/天)推荐在术前4-8周停止饮酒。（证据级别：高；推荐强度：强推荐）
Preoperative smoking cessation should be counseled at least 4 weeks prior to hepatectomy. Alcohol cessation is recommended for heavy drinkers (24 g/day for women and 36 g/day for men) 4–8 weeks before surgery. (1A)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
Array
(
[id] => 614
[catid] => 26
[title] => Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022
[thumb] =>
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[lyyw] => A nutritional assessment is necessary prior to all hepatic surgery. Malnourished patients (i.e., weight loss 10% or 5% over 3 months and reduced body mass index or a low fat-free mass index) should be optimized with enteral supplementation at least 7–14 days prior to surgery. (1A)
[laiyuan] => 在所有肝脏手术前应进行营养评估。营养不良患者(即3个月内体重下降10%或3个月内体重指数减少5%或低脂肪体重指数)应在术前至少7-14天优化肠内营养补充。（证据级别：高；推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B
[_inputtime] => 1704957184
[_updatetime] => 1704957184
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在所有肝脏手术前应进行营养评估。营养不良患者(即3个月内体重下降10%或3个月内体重指数减少5%或低脂肪体重指数)应在术前至少7-14天优化肠内营养补充。（证据级别：高；推荐强度：强推荐）
A nutritional assessment is necessary prior to all hepatic surgery. Malnourished patients (i.e., weight loss 10% or 5% over 3 months and reduced body mass index or a low fat-free mass index) should be optimized with enteral supplementation at least 7–14 days prior to surgery. (1A)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B
年份：2023
国家：Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
