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[lyyw] => If a difficult airway is anticipated, regional anesthesia shall be considered first.
[laiyuan] => 如果预计有困难气道，应首先考虑区域麻醉。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
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)
推荐意见
如果预计有困难气道，应首先考虑区域麻醉。（推荐强度：强）
If a difficult airway is anticipated, regional anesthesia shall be considered first.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => If a difficult airway is expected and primary regional anesthesia is performed, a plan for securing the airway shall be communicated within the team and the necessary supplies shall be readily available.
[laiyuan] => 如果预计有困难的气道，并进行了初步的区域麻醉，则应在团队内沟通确保气道安全的计划，并随时提供必要的用品。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
如果预计有困难的气道，并进行了初步的区域麻醉，则应在团队内沟通确保气道安全的计划，并随时提供必要的用品。（推荐强度：强）
If a difficult airway is expected and primary regional anesthesia is performed, a plan for securing the airway shall be communicated within the team and the necessary supplies shall be readily available.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => If regional anesthesia is not possible and gen_x005Feral anesthesia is required, the airway shall be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing if there are predictors for difficult or impossible mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation.
[laiyuan] => 如果不可能进行区域麻醉，需要全身麻醉，如果有困难或不可能面罩通气和/或气管插管的预测因素，应在保持自主呼吸的同时确保气道安全。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
如果不可能进行区域麻醉，需要全身麻醉，如果有困难或不可能面罩通气和/或气管插管的预测因素，应在保持自主呼吸的同时确保气道安全。（推荐强度：强）
If regional anesthesia is not possible and gen_x005Feral anesthesia is required, the airway shall be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing if there are predictors for difficult or impossible mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => The use of a flexible intubation endoscope is the gold standard in an expected difficult airway. Consequently, it shall be readily available, and the anesthesiologist shall be trained in its use.
[laiyuan] => 在预期的困难气道中，使用软性插管内窥镜是金标准。因此，它应随手可得，并对麻醉医师进行使用培训。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在预期的困难气道中，使用软性插管内窥镜是金标准。因此，它应随手可得，并对麻醉医师进行使用培训。（推荐强度：强）
The use of a flexible intubation endoscope is the gold standard in an expected difficult airway. Consequently, it shall be readily available, and the anesthesiologist shall be trained in its use.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => Spontaneous breathing shall be maintained until the endotracheal tube is securely placed in the trachea. In awake patients, topical anesthesia of the airway shall be performed.Sedative drugs shall be administered in the lowest dose possible to prevent apnea and/or airway obstruction. During the procedure,the patient shall receive supplemental oxygen.
[laiyuan] => 保持自主呼吸，直至气管导管安全置入气管内。在清醒患者中，应进行气道表面麻醉。镇静药物应以尽可能低的剂量给药，以防止呼吸暂停和/或气道阻塞。在手术过程中，患者应接受补充氧气。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
保持自主呼吸，直至气管导管安全置入气管内。在清醒患者中，应进行气道表面麻醉。镇静药物应以尽可能低的剂量给药，以防止呼吸暂停和/或气道阻塞。在手术过程中，患者应接受补充氧气。（推荐强度：强）
Spontaneous breathing shall be maintained until the endotracheal tube is securely placed in the trachea. In awake patients, topical anesthesia of the airway shall be performed.Sedative drugs shall be administered in the lowest dose possible to prevent apnea and/or airway obstruction. During the procedure,the patient shall receive supplemental oxygen.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => If a difficult airway is anticipated and there is no time or opportunity to secure the airway under spontaneous breathing, the technique with the greatest chance of success shall be selected and the possibility of cricothyrotomy shall be prepared as part of the airway man_x005Fagement plan.
[laiyuan] => 如果预计有困难气道，没有时间或机会在自主呼吸下安全气道，应选择成功机会最大的技术，并准备环甲膜切开术的可能性，作为气道管理计划的一部分。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
如果预计有困难气道，没有时间或机会在自主呼吸下安全气道，应选择成功机会最大的技术，并准备环甲膜切开术的可能性，作为气道管理计划的一部分。（推荐强度：强）
If a difficult airway is anticipated and there is no time or opportunity to secure the airway under spontaneous breathing, the technique with the greatest chance of success shall be selected and the possibility of cricothyrotomy shall be prepared as part of the airway man_x005Fagement plan.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => If predictors for difficult mask ventilation and placement of a supraglottic airway device are present, the airway should be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing.
[laiyuan] => 如果存在困难面罩通气和放置声门上气道装置的预测因素，应在保持自主呼吸的同时确保气道安全。（推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
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If predictors for difficult mask ventilation and placement of a supraglottic airway device are present, the airway should be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => When mask ventilation is difficult in ade_x005Fquately anesthetized patients, measures shall be taken to lift the base of the tongue to open the upper airway.
[laiyuan] => 当麻醉充分的患者面罩通气困难时，应采取措施抬高舌根以开放上气道。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
当麻醉充分的患者面罩通气困难时，应采取措施抬高舌根以开放上气道。（推荐强度：强）
When mask ventilation is difficult in ade_x005Fquately anesthetized patients, measures shall be taken to lift the base of the tongue to open the upper airway.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => In the absence of contraindications, the head shall be reclined and an Esmarch maneu_x005Fver shall be performed. The appropriately sized ventilation mask shall be held with both hands to achieve the best possible seal.Lifting the mandible is helpful.
[laiyuan] => 在无禁忌证的情况下，应将头部后仰，进行埃斯马赫氏驱血带动作。适当大小的通气面罩应双手握持，以实现最佳密封。提升下颌骨是有帮助的。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在无禁忌证的情况下，应将头部后仰，进行埃斯马赫氏驱血带动作。适当大小的通气面罩应双手握持，以实现最佳密封。提升下颌骨是有帮助的。（推荐强度：强）
In the absence of contraindications, the head shall be reclined and an Esmarch maneu_x005Fver shall be performed. The appropriately sized ventilation mask shall be held with both hands to achieve the best possible seal.Lifting the mandible is helpful.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => If neuromuscular blockade has not yet occurred, it should be considered with a fast_x005Facting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine, rocuronium) at an appropriate dose.
[laiyuan] => 若尚未发生神经肌肉阻滞，应考虑用合适剂量的快肌松药(琥珀酰胆碱、罗库溴铵)。（推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
若尚未发生神经肌肉阻滞，应考虑用合适剂量的快肌松药(琥珀酰胆碱、罗库溴铵)。（推荐强度：推荐）
If neuromuscular blockade has not yet occurred, it should be considered with a fast_x005Facting muscle relaxant (succinylcholine, rocuronium) at an appropriate dose.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
