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Updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => For a comprehensive risk assessment, including the postanaesthesia care, the minimum set of airway assessment tests should include, apart from anatomical tests, the evaluation of physiology, environment, devices and the individual and team expertise. (1C).
[laiyuan] => 对于包括麻醉后护理在内的全面风险评估，最低限度的气道评估测试应包括除解剖学测试外的生理、环境、设备以及个人和团队专业知识的评估。( 1C )
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
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[_nrjc] =>
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)
推荐意见
对于包括麻醉后护理在内的全面风险评估，最低限度的气道评估测试应包括除解剖学测试外的生理、环境、设备以及个人和团队专业知识的评估。( 1C )
For a comprehensive risk assessment, including the postanaesthesia care, the minimum set of airway assessment tests should include, apart from anatomical tests, the evaluation of physiology, environment, devices and the individual and team expertise. (1C).
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2024
国家：The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intens
Array
(
[id] => 1780
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Updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => More evidence is required before recommendations can be made regarding the need for instrumental tests (e.g. ultrasound) for airway assessment. (CPS)
[laiyuan] => 需要更多的证据，才能就是否需要仪器测试(如超声)进行气道评估提出建议。(非常低的证据质量 )
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
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)
推荐意见
需要更多的证据，才能就是否需要仪器测试(如超声)进行气道评估提出建议。(非常低的证据质量 )
More evidence is required before recommendations can be made regarding the need for instrumental tests (e.g. ultrasound) for airway assessment. (CPS)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2024
国家：The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intens
Array
(
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Updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care
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[lyyw] => In case of predicted and previously experienced difficult airway, we recommend informing the patient adequately and obtaining consent for specific procedures (e.g. awake intubation), and an alert form should be given to the patient in case of future procedures requiring airway management. (1C)
[laiyuan] => 在预测和先前经历困难气道的情况下，我们建议充分告知患者并获得特定程序(例如,清醒插管)的同意，并应在未来需要气道管理的程序中向患者发出警报。(1C)
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在预测和先前经历困难气道的情况下，我们建议充分告知患者并获得特定程序(例如,清醒插管)的同意，并应在未来需要气道管理的程序中向患者发出警报。(1C)
In case of predicted and previously experienced difficult airway, we recommend informing the patient adequately and obtaining consent for specific procedures (e.g. awake intubation), and an alert form should be given to the patient in case of future procedures requiring airway management. (1C)
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2024
国家：The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intens
Array
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[catid] => 290
[title] => German guidelines for airway management 2023
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => As part of the airway examination, anatomic and physiologic indications for difficult mask ventilation and intubation shall be evaluated:Mouth opening, dental status, mandibular protrusion, cervical spine mobility, pathol_x005Fogy (neck, face), known difficult airway, consideration of imaging and ENT findings as appropriate.
[laiyuan] => 作为气道检查的一部分，评估困难面罩通气和插管的解剖和生理指征：张口度，牙齿状态，下颌前伸，颈椎活动度，病理学(颈、面)，已知的困难气道，酌情考虑影像学和耳鼻喉科检查结果。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
作为气道检查的一部分，评估困难面罩通气和插管的解剖和生理指征：张口度，牙齿状态，下颌前伸，颈椎活动度，病理学(颈、面)，已知的困难气道，酌情考虑影像学和耳鼻喉科检查结果。（推荐强度：强）
As part of the airway examination, anatomic and physiologic indications for difficult mask ventilation and intubation shall be evaluated:Mouth opening, dental status, mandibular protrusion, cervical spine mobility, pathol_x005Fogy (neck, face), known difficult airway, consideration of imaging and ENT findings as appropriate.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => There shall be an algorithm/standard within each institution that defines the procedurefor airway management when predictors for a difficult airway are present. Scores can be used.
[laiyuan] => 当存在困难气道的预测因素时，每个机构内都应该有一个算法/标准来定义气道管理的程序。可以使用分数。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
当存在困难气道的预测因素时，每个机构内都应该有一个算法/标准来定义气道管理的程序。可以使用分数。（推荐强度：强）
There shall be an algorithm/standard within each institution that defines the procedurefor airway management when predictors for a difficult airway are present. Scores can be used.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Preanesthetic ultrasound of the airway may be helpful in identifying difficult airway man_x005Fagement. To assess the risk of aspiration,
point-of-care ultrasound can be used to determine the filling status of the stomach.
[laiyuan] => 麻醉前的气道超声可能有助于识别困难的气道管理。为了评估误吸的风险，可以使用床旁超声来确定胃的充盈状态。（推荐强度：建议公开）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
麻醉前的气道超声可能有助于识别困难的气道管理。为了评估误吸的风险，可以使用床旁超声来确定胃的充盈状态。（推荐强度：建议公开）
Preanesthetic ultrasound of the airway may be helpful in identifying difficult airway man_x005Fagement. To assess the risk of aspiration,
point-of-care ultrasound can be used to determine the filling status of the stomach.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Ultrasound examination of the trachea and lungs can provide evidence for correct tube position.
[laiyuan] => 气管及肺部超声检查可为正确置管位置提供依据。（推荐强度：建议公开）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
气管及肺部超声检查可为正确置管位置提供依据。（推荐强度：建议公开）
Ultrasound examination of the trachea and lungs can provide evidence for correct tube position.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
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[title] => German guidelines for airway management 2023
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[lyyw] => Spontaneously breathing patients shall be preoxygenated prior to induction of anesthe_x005Fsia. This should be performed using a tight-fitting face mask with 100% oxygen and a fresh gas flow of 10 L for at least 3–4min. Alternatively, the patient shall take eight deep breaths at the same oxygen flow for a maximal duration of 60 s.
[laiyuan] => 自主呼吸患者在麻醉诱导前应进行预吸氧。应使用100 %氧气和10 L新鲜气体流量的紧身面罩，至少3-4 min。另外，患者应在相同的氧流量下进行8次深呼吸，最长持续时间为60秒。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
自主呼吸患者在麻醉诱导前应进行预吸氧。应使用100 %氧气和10 L新鲜气体流量的紧身面罩，至少3-4 min。另外，患者应在相同的氧流量下进行8次深呼吸，最长持续时间为60秒。（推荐强度：强）
Spontaneously breathing patients shall be preoxygenated prior to induction of anesthe_x005Fsia. This should be performed using a tight-fitting face mask with 100% oxygen and a fresh gas flow of 10 L for at least 3–4min. Alternatively, the patient shall take eight deep breaths at the same oxygen flow for a maximal duration of 60 s.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => In the absence of a difficult airway a planned neuromuscular blockade shall be performed immediately after achieving adequate depth of anesthesia without checking for a sufficient mask ventilation.
[laiyuan] => 在没有困难气道的情况下，应在达到足够的麻醉深度后立即进行有计划的神经肌肉阻滞，而无需检查是否有足够的面罩通气。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
在没有困难气道的情况下，应在达到足够的麻醉深度后立即进行有计划的神经肌肉阻滞，而无需检查是否有足够的面罩通气。（推荐强度：强）
In the absence of a difficult airway a planned neuromuscular blockade shall be performed immediately after achieving adequate depth of anesthesia without checking for a sufficient mask ventilation.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
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[lyyw] => Cuff pressure for supraglottic airways shall be measured after placement and shall not ex_x005Fceed 60 cmH2O.
[laiyuan] => 声门上气道气囊压力放置后测量，不得超过60 cmH2O。（推荐强度：强）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973657
[_updatetime] => 1733973657
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
声门上气道气囊压力放置后测量，不得超过60 cmH2O。（推荐强度：强）
Cuff pressure for supraglottic airways shall be measured after placement and shall not ex_x005Fceed 60 cmH2O.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
