In patients with known chronic kidney disease (CKD), we recommend quantifying the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria before surgery for risk stratification regarding postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and worsening of CKD. (1C)

We suggest considering NT-Pro BNP testing combined with eGFR to add additional information on risk stratification for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and worsening of CKD. (2C)

In elective procedures, we suggest that the perioperative continuation of antithrombotic therapy should be weighed against the bleeding risk of surgery, patient-related factor and the specific antithrombotic medication.(2C)

We recommend managing anticoagulant medication before an emergency/urgent procedure based on its pharmacokinetic characteristics, reversal agent availability, the patient's renal function and the likelihood of major bleeding (1A)

We suggest that the bleeding risk should be balanced with the thrombotic risk to assess the necessity of withdrawing the anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. (2C)

We suggest that patients with previous percutaneous coronary intervention require a careful risk–benefit assessment to manage perioperative antiplatelet therapy. (2C)

We suggest that the preoperative evaluation of patients undergoing NCS should include an educational program for patients and their caregivers on the perioperative handling of their antithrombotic therapy. (2C)

We suggest that the perioperative assessment of coagulation status should be implemented through thromboelastometry and thromboelastography in patients with cirrhosis and significant coagulopathy, as well as in a hypercoagulability state with tranexamic acid administration. (2C)

In haemophilia patients, pharmacokinetic-guided treatment should be implemented over real body weight-guided treatment to assure an optimal perioperative achievement of the prespecified coagulation factor range (2B)

We recommend that patients with haemophilia, von Willebrand disease and factor X deficiency should be managed with a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to their care. (1C)