If an SGA is used, it should be a 2nd gen_x005Feration SGA. If a primary SGA has already failed, a different size or alternative SGA model should be used.

In a “cannot ventilate, cannot oxygenate” sit_x005Fuation, a cricothyrotomy shall be prepared in parallel.

An assessment of the airway (why is the airway management failing?) and a check of vital signs shall be performed at each step of the algorithm(re-evaluation). In addition, the staffing and resource situation shall be critically reviewed at each step.

In obese patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2 and no other factors that increase the risk of aspiration, an RSI can be omitted, and a “normal” induction sequence can be performed.

10 min before induction, 30ml of 0.3% sodium citrate solution can be taken orally or administered by gastric tube.

We recommend performing multiple tests to improve the positive-predictive and negative-predictive values of preprocedural airway assessment. (1A)

We suggest using the minimum set of airway assessment tests that may vary among patients depending on specific underlying pathologies. (2C).

For a comprehensive risk assessment, including the postanaesthesia care, the minimum set of airway assessment tests should include, apart from anatomical tests, the evaluation of physiology, environment, devices and the individual and team expertise. (1C).

More evidence is required before recommendations can be made regarding the need for instrumental tests (e.g. ultrasound) for airway assessment. (CPS)

In case of predicted and previously experienced difficult airway, we recommend informing the patient adequately and obtaining consent for specific procedures (e.g. awake intubation), and an alert form should be given to the patient in case of future procedures requiring airway management. (1C)