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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => The Cormack and Lehane classification shall also be used for video laryngoscopy and documented in the anesthesia record.
[laiyuan] => 视频喉镜检查也应使用 Cormack 和 Lehane 分级，并记录在麻醉记录中。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
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)
推荐意见
视频喉镜检查也应使用 Cormack 和 Lehane 分级，并记录在麻醉记录中。（推荐强度：强推荐）
The Cormack and Lehane classification shall also be used for video laryngoscopy and documented in the anesthesia record.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Tube size, cuff pressure, depth of intubation, placement of a throat pack, and special head positions should be documented to ensure retrospective and unambiguous understanding of the chosen procedure.
[laiyuan] => 插管尺寸、充气罩囊压力、插管深度、喉部填塞和特殊头部位置都应记录在案，以确保对所选程序的回顾性和明确理解。（推荐强度：推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
插管尺寸、充气罩囊压力、插管深度、喉部填塞和特殊头部位置都应记录在案，以确保对所选程序的回顾性和明确理解。（推荐强度：推荐）
Tube size, cuff pressure, depth of intubation, placement of a throat pack, and special head positions should be documented to ensure retrospective and unambiguous understanding of the chosen procedure.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => After difficult airway management, the circumstances and procedures used to resolve the problem shall be documented in the anesthesia record.
[laiyuan] => 困难的气道管理后，用于解决问题的情况和程序应记录在麻醉记录中。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
困难的气道管理后，用于解决问题的情况和程序应记录在麻醉记录中。（推荐强度：强推荐）
After difficult airway management, the circumstances and procedures used to resolve the problem shall be documented in the anesthesia record.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[title] => German guidelines for airway management 2023
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Once the airway is secured, the correct position of the endotracheal tube or SGA shall be verified by capnography.
[laiyuan] => 固定气道后，应通过呼末二氧化碳检查气管导管或声门上气道（SGA）的正确位置。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
固定气道后，应通过呼末二氧化碳检查气管导管或声门上气道（SGA）的正确位置。（推荐强度：强推荐）
Once the airway is secured, the correct position of the endotracheal tube or SGA shall be verified by capnography.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
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[title] => German guidelines for airway management 2023
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => Auscultation of the chest shall be performed to rule out a tube position that is too low. In a noisy environment or when auscultation is not possible, pleural sliding can be detected by sonography.
[laiyuan] => 应进行胸部听诊，以排除插管位置过低的情况。在嘈杂的环境中或无法进行听诊时，可通过超声波检查检测胸膜滑动情况。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
应进行胸部听诊，以排除插管位置过低的情况。在嘈杂的环境中或无法进行听诊时，可通过超声波检查检测胸膜滑动情况。（推荐强度：强推荐）
Auscultation of the chest shall be performed to rule out a tube position that is too low. In a noisy environment or when auscultation is not possible, pleural sliding can be detected by sonography.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => After placement of both an endotracheal tube and an SGA, the cuff pressure shall be checked and adjusted if necessary.
[laiyuan] => 放置气管插管和声门上气道（SGA）后，应检查并在必要时调整套囊压力。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
放置气管插管和声门上气道（SGA）后，应检查并在必要时调整套囊压力。（推荐强度：强推荐）
After placement of both an endotracheal tube and an SGA, the cuff pressure shall be checked and adjusted if necessary.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[lyyw] => Predictors of difficult reintubation shall be identified before extubation. A clear strategy for potential problems should be defined.
[laiyuan] => 拔管前应确定再次插管困难的预测因素。应该为潜在问题定义一个清晰的策略。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
拔管前应确定再次插管困难的预测因素。应该为潜在问题定义一个清晰的策略。（推荐强度：强推荐）
Predictors of difficult reintubation shall be identified before extubation. A clear strategy for potential problems should be defined.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => The secondary air leak test can be performed to detect significant obstructing laryngeal edema.
[laiyuan] => 可以进行二次漏气试验来检测明显的阻塞性喉水肿。（推荐强度：建议公开）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
可以进行二次漏气试验来检测明显的阻塞性喉水肿。（推荐强度：建议公开）
The secondary air leak test can be performed to detect significant obstructing laryngeal edema.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
Array
(
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[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => Monitoring of the patient after extubation shall be performed by qualified personnel.New symptoms that may indicate the development of an airway complication (e.g.,hoarseness, (increasing) swelling, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and emphysema formation) shall be recognized early.
[laiyuan] => 拔管后应由有资质医务人员对患者进行监护。应及早发现可能预示气道并发症发展的新症状（如声音嘶哑、肿胀（加剧）、吞咽困难、胸痛和肺气肿形成）。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
拔管后应由有资质医务人员对患者进行监护。应及早发现可能预示气道并发症发展的新症状（如声音嘶哑、肿胀（加剧）、吞咽困难、胸痛和肺气肿形成）。（推荐强度：强推荐）
Monitoring of the patient after extubation shall be performed by qualified personnel.New symptoms that may indicate the development of an airway complication (e.g.,hoarseness, (increasing) swelling, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and emphysema formation) shall be recognized early.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
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[tjqd] =>
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[guojia] => German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
[pdf] =>
[tjyjyw] =>
[lyyw] => To successfully secure the unexpected and expected difficult airway, sound education and regular training, including simulation, shall be provided.
[laiyuan] => 为了成功地确保意外和预期的困难气道，应提供良好的教育和定期培训，包括模拟。（推荐强度：强推荐）
[znzldj] => B级
[_inputtime] => 1733973658
[_updatetime] => 1733973658
[_nrjc] =>
[_nrsh] =>
)
推荐意见
为了成功地确保意外和预期的困难气道，应提供良好的教育和定期培训，包括模拟。（推荐强度：强推荐）
To successfully secure the unexpected and expected difficult airway, sound education and regular training, including simulation, shall be provided.
证据评价方法：GRADE
指南质量等级：B级
年份：2023
国家：German Society for Anesthesiology and Intensive Ca
