Given the limited data in this setting, airway management should follow standard algorithms relevant to this particular clinical setting (Grade D; weak recommendation)

Multidisciplinary planning, preparation and optimisation of human factors should be considered before airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed cervical spine injury (Grade D; weak recommendation).

We recommend keeping preoperative fasting time short (2 h for clear fluids) to reduce thirst and prevent preoperative dehydration. (Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence)

We recommend intraoperative administration of an adequate volume of fluid, generally aiming for 1-2 L positive balance by the end of the case. (Strong recom-mendation, high-quality evidence)

We recommend against routine use of albumin or synthetic colloid for intraoperative fluid administration. (Strong recommendation, low quality evidence for albumin and high-quality evidence for synthetic colloids)

We recommend use of buffered crystalloid solutions in the absence of hypochloraemia. (Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence)

We recommend use of buffered crystalloid solutions over 0.9% saline in kidney transplantation. (Strong recom- mendation, high-quality evidence)

We recommend against routine use of albumin or synthetic colloids for priming the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. (Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence)

We recommend against use of excessive (>30 ml/kg) ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass. (Weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence)

We recommend against a positive fluid balance in the first 24 h following lung resection surgery. (Weak recommen- dation, very low-quality evidence)