If cricoid force is used, it should be carried out by individuals who have received appropriate training (Grade D; weak recommendation).

If difficulty in tracheal intubation is encountered when cricoid force is used, it should be removed (Grade D; weak recommendation).

If laryngeal injury is suspected, cricoid force should be avoided (Grade D; weak recommendation).

Cautious external laryngeal manipulation may be used to improve glottic view during tracheal intubation (Grade D; weak recommendation).

Emergency front-of-neck airway access should be obtained in line with the Difficult Airway Society guidelines (Grade D; weak recommendation).

If a patient is considered to be at risk of failed tracheal intubation, ultrasound guidance may be used to identify and mark the cricothyroid membrane before induction of anaesthesia, if resources and skill mix are appropriate. This may be done with a cervical collar in situ (Grade C; weak recommendation).

The decision to choose awake vs. a anaesthetised tracheal intubation and/or to use a flexible bronchoscope should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering patient factors, equipment availability and the proficiency of the clinician with the technique (Grade D; weak recommendation).

Manual in-line stabilisation worsens glottic view, and there is very limited evidence suggesting that it reduces the risk of secondary spinal cord injury. If clinicians choose to use MILS, then clinicians should have a low threshold for its removal in the event of difficult tracheal intubation (Grade D; weak recommendation).

During tracheal intubation attempts, a semi-rigid or rigid cervical collar should be removed, which can be done most easily by only removing the anterior part of the collar; this will also help minimise any movement to the cervical spine (Grade D, weak recommendation).

Given the limited data in this setting, airway management should follow standard algorithms relevant to this particular clinical setting (Grade D; weak recommendation).