We can make no definitive recommendation regarding the management to facilitate removal of neuraxial catheters in patients with therapeutic levels of anticoagulation during neuraxial catheter infusion. (2C)

Postoperative pain must be recognized and treated as soon as possible and as best as possible in all patients. (1B)

Emergency general surgery may be associated with more severe postoperative pain; specific attention should be given to this patient group. (2B)

Postoperative pain assessment, at rest and—if possible—on movement, is strongly recommended, to improve patient management after emergency surgery. (2B)

Preemptive analgesia is a viable option in reducing postoperative opioid consumption. (2B) (moderate recommendation, intermediate quality evidence).

Adequate education for the patient and, if possible, of the family about the surgical and anesthesiologic treatment, options, plan, and aims of pain management should be performed whenever it is possible. (1B)

Perioperative pain management should be implemented considering patient history, comorbidities, ongoing chronic therapy, and potential risk for substance abuse. (1B)

Validated pain scales should be included into treatment planning, ongoing evaluation, and adjusting process. (1B)

Pain management should be adjusted to ensure the greatest effect and the lowest side effects possible. (1B)

Opiates usage should be reduced as much as possible in postoperative pain management strategies. (1B)